​Pathology - Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

​Pathology - Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy 
The cause of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy :
The condition is either idiopathic or caused by a mutation in the D-myosin heavy-chain gene that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Pathology: Enlargement of the interventricular septum and myocardium; the left ventricle has a curved form resembling a banana; disorganized organization of enlarged heart muscle cells.

The pathophysiology involves an uneven enlargement of the interventricular septum, causing a dynamic obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract and reduced filling during diastole, ultimately resulting to a decrease in cardiac output.

Patients exhibit symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, or fainting during physical activity. A minority of patients may experience abrupt fatality.
Imaging: The echocardiogram reveals uneven thickening of the wall between the ventricles, causing a blockage in the flow of blood from the left ventricle and aberrant movement of the mitral valve during contraction.


Beta-blockers should be used to manage the condition. Strenuous exercise should be avoided. It is important to stay well hydrated. individuals with risk factors for sudden cardiac death may consider getting an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). First-degree relatives should undergo screening. If symptoms persist despite medicinal therapy, individuals may need to undergo surgical myectomy or septal alcohol ablation.