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Pathology - Hypovolemia
Pathogenesis
A drop in ECF volume is reflected in hypovolemia. Orthostatic hypotension is caused by insufficient blood volume, while tachycardia is a result of the SNS being activated by the arterial baroreceptors. The absence of a discernible jugular vein pulse signifies a reduction in the volume of venous blood, as 70% of blood typically stays in systemic veins. Common symptoms of hypovolemia that are mediated by the central nervous system include thirst and salt cravings. Internal fluid changes (also known as "third spacing") or fluid loss from the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or integument are common causes of volume depletion. It's crucial to remember that electrolyte imbalances do not indicate volume depletion. For instance, in hypovolemic patients, the concentration of sodium can be elevated, lowered, or normal as a result of water balance. In this instance, isotonic saline infusion cures secretory diarrhea, which causes a proportionate (isotonic) loss of salt and water.
Pathogenesis
A drop in ECF volume is reflected in hypovolemia. Orthostatic hypotension is caused by insufficient blood volume, while tachycardia is a result of the SNS being activated by the arterial baroreceptors. The absence of a discernible jugular vein pulse signifies a reduction in the volume of venous blood, as 70% of blood typically stays in systemic veins. Common symptoms of hypovolemia that are mediated by the central nervous system include thirst and salt cravings. Internal fluid changes (also known as "third spacing") or fluid loss from the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or integument are common causes of volume depletion. It's crucial to remember that electrolyte imbalances do not indicate volume depletion. For instance, in hypovolemic patients, the concentration of sodium can be elevated, lowered, or normal as a result of water balance. In this instance, isotonic saline infusion cures secretory diarrhea, which causes a proportionate (isotonic) loss of salt and water.
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