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Pathology - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Definition: A decrease in platelet count resulting from autoimmune damage.
Epidemiology • Rare, with an occurrence of 1 in 100,000. • Affects both adults and children. • Adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) exhibits a higher prevalence in women, with a ratio of 3:1. Childhood ITP exhibits a peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 4, with no gender preference.
Aetiology • The formation of platelet autoantibodies occurs for unidentified reasons.
Pathogenesis: Platelets are coated with autoantibodies and subsequently destroyed in the spleen.
Presentation • Abrupt emergence of cutaneous petechiae, epistaxis, and gingival hemorrhage. • A prior viral infection is frequently observed in pediatric cases. Complete blood count • Profound thrombocytopenia. • Normal hemoglobin and leukocyte count.
Peripheral blood smear
A combination of normal and enlarged platelets is observed. Bone marrow findings • Normal or elevated quantities of megakaryocytes.
• Typical megakaryocyte
morphology. • Typical haematopoiesis. 2 ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion when other causes of thrombocytopenia have been eliminated.
Prognosis: Childhood instances often resolve within one to two months. Adult instances are more prone to exhibit a chronic mild-to-moderate bleeding tendency.
Definition: A decrease in platelet count resulting from autoimmune damage.
Epidemiology • Rare, with an occurrence of 1 in 100,000. • Affects both adults and children. • Adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) exhibits a higher prevalence in women, with a ratio of 3:1. Childhood ITP exhibits a peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 4, with no gender preference.
Aetiology • The formation of platelet autoantibodies occurs for unidentified reasons.
Pathogenesis: Platelets are coated with autoantibodies and subsequently destroyed in the spleen.
Presentation • Abrupt emergence of cutaneous petechiae, epistaxis, and gingival hemorrhage. • A prior viral infection is frequently observed in pediatric cases. Complete blood count • Profound thrombocytopenia. • Normal hemoglobin and leukocyte count.
Peripheral blood smear
A combination of normal and enlarged platelets is observed. Bone marrow findings • Normal or elevated quantities of megakaryocytes.
• Typical megakaryocyte
morphology. • Typical haematopoiesis. 2 ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion when other causes of thrombocytopenia have been eliminated.
Prognosis: Childhood instances often resolve within one to two months. Adult instances are more prone to exhibit a chronic mild-to-moderate bleeding tendency.
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