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Pathology - IgA nephropathy
Definition: A glomerulopathy characterized by IgA deposition in glomeruli, either dominant or co-dominant.
Epidemiology: • The most prevalent glomerulopathy worldwide. The cause of IgAN is unknown, although it can reoccur in transplanted kidneys, indicating a systemic issue. One suggestion is that an aberrant mucosal immune system creates a kind of IgA that is resistant to breakdown, enters the circulation, and deposits in glomeruli.
Pathogenesis: • Deposition of IgA in the mesangium affects glomerular function, causing blood and protein leaks into urine.
Presentation: Haematuria (microscopic or macroscopic) with proteinuria. Light microscopy shows that IgAN can cause glomeruli alterations ranging from modest mesangial enlargement to focal and diffuse proliferative lesions, with the possibility of crescents in severe cases. immune fluorescence • The mesangial region of the glomeruli has dominant or co-dominant IgA staining, as defined. Electron microscopy reveals immunological deposits in mesangial regions of glomeruli.
Prognosis: • Approximately one-third of patients acquire progressive renal disease.
• Clinical characteristics such as proteinuria, hypertension, and renal function might indicate progression. The Oxford classification of IgAN identifies four histological characteristics that predict the outcome: mesangial hypercellularity, segmental glomerulosclerosis, endocapillary hypercellularity, and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis.
Definition: A glomerulopathy characterized by IgA deposition in glomeruli, either dominant or co-dominant.
Epidemiology: • The most prevalent glomerulopathy worldwide. The cause of IgAN is unknown, although it can reoccur in transplanted kidneys, indicating a systemic issue. One suggestion is that an aberrant mucosal immune system creates a kind of IgA that is resistant to breakdown, enters the circulation, and deposits in glomeruli.
Pathogenesis: • Deposition of IgA in the mesangium affects glomerular function, causing blood and protein leaks into urine.
Presentation: Haematuria (microscopic or macroscopic) with proteinuria. Light microscopy shows that IgAN can cause glomeruli alterations ranging from modest mesangial enlargement to focal and diffuse proliferative lesions, with the possibility of crescents in severe cases. immune fluorescence • The mesangial region of the glomeruli has dominant or co-dominant IgA staining, as defined. Electron microscopy reveals immunological deposits in mesangial regions of glomeruli.
Prognosis: • Approximately one-third of patients acquire progressive renal disease.
• Clinical characteristics such as proteinuria, hypertension, and renal function might indicate progression. The Oxford classification of IgAN identifies four histological characteristics that predict the outcome: mesangial hypercellularity, segmental glomerulosclerosis, endocapillary hypercellularity, and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis.
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