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Pathology - Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial neoplasm originating in the liver, consisting of cells that resemble bile ducts.
Epidemiology • Uncommon in the majority of populations.
Aetiology Liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini). • Hepatolithiasis. • PSC • Exposure to Thorotrast, a contrast agent utilized from 1930 until 1955. • Biliary anomalies.
Carcinogenesis • The most prevalent genetic abnormalities are mutations in RAS and TP53.
Presentation • Many manifest late, as they can attain significant size within the liver prior to eliciting symptoms such as malaise, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Tumors infiltrating the hilar area of the liver may manifest as obstructive jaundice.
Macroscopy • The liver has extensive confluent nodules of gray-white tumor, frequently accompanied by satellite deposits. • The surrounding liver tissue is typically non-cirrhotic. Histopathology: Adenocarcinomas characterized by infiltrating malignant epithelial cells that develop glandular and papillary forms. • A characteristic feature is the presence of profuse fibroblastic stroma.
Prognosis: Generally unfavorable, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 40% to 50%, contingent upon the stage.
Pathology - Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial neoplasm originating in the liver, consisting of cells that resemble bile ducts.
Epidemiology • Uncommon in the majority of populations.
Aetiology Liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini). • Hepatolithiasis. • PSC • Exposure to Thorotrast, a contrast agent utilized from 1930 until 1955. • Biliary anomalies.
Carcinogenesis • The most prevalent genetic abnormalities are mutations in RAS and TP53.
Presentation • Many manifest late, as they can attain significant size within the liver prior to eliciting symptoms such as malaise, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Tumors infiltrating the hilar area of the liver may manifest as obstructive jaundice.
Macroscopy • The liver has extensive confluent nodules of gray-white tumor, frequently accompanied by satellite deposits. • The surrounding liver tissue is typically non-cirrhotic. Histopathology: Adenocarcinomas characterized by infiltrating malignant epithelial cells that develop glandular and papillary forms. • A characteristic feature is the presence of profuse fibroblastic stroma.
Prognosis: Generally unfavorable, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 40% to 50%, contingent upon the stage.
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