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Pathology - Non-germ cell tumors of the testis
Testicular lymphomas • Approximately 5% of all testicular tumors. • Predominantly observed in older males. The testis is typically substituted by a substantial gray or tan mass that may extend into the cord. The predominant histological type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma).Prognosis for survival is typically unfavorable.
Leydig cell tumor • A sex-cord stromal neoplasm comprising approximately 3% of all testicular tumors. • Can manifest at any age. • Prepubertally, they typically exhibit indicators of precocious puberty resulting from androgen production. • Post-puberty, they exhibit a testicular mass. Macroscopically, these tumors are well-defined, frequently exhibiting a brown cut surface. Histologically, they consist of sheets or nests of polygonal cells characterized by eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei containing a single nucleolus. Reinke's crystals, characterized by their rhomboid shape and intracytoplasmic location, may be observed. • Most Leydig cell tumors exhibit benign characteristics; however, approximately 10% demonstrate malignant behavior. • Histological analysis is not consistently dependable in forecasting aggressive tumor behavior; nonetheless, concerning indicators include tumor size exceeding 5 cm, necrosis, vascular invasion, cellular pleomorphism, and elevated mitotic activity
Sertoli cell tumor • A sex-cord stromal neoplasm constituting approximately 1% of all testicular tumors. • Predominantly manifests as a testicular mass in young and middle-aged males. Macroscopically, they typically present as solid yellow or white tumors. Histologically, they consist of oval cells that create hollow or solid tubular structures. Approximately 10% of tumors are malignant; analogous histological parameters are employed to anticipate malignant behavior as with Leydig cell tumors.
Testicular lymphomas • Approximately 5% of all testicular tumors. • Predominantly observed in older males. The testis is typically substituted by a substantial gray or tan mass that may extend into the cord. The predominant histological type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma).Prognosis for survival is typically unfavorable.
Leydig cell tumor • A sex-cord stromal neoplasm comprising approximately 3% of all testicular tumors. • Can manifest at any age. • Prepubertally, they typically exhibit indicators of precocious puberty resulting from androgen production. • Post-puberty, they exhibit a testicular mass. Macroscopically, these tumors are well-defined, frequently exhibiting a brown cut surface. Histologically, they consist of sheets or nests of polygonal cells characterized by eosinophilic cytoplasm and round nuclei containing a single nucleolus. Reinke's crystals, characterized by their rhomboid shape and intracytoplasmic location, may be observed. • Most Leydig cell tumors exhibit benign characteristics; however, approximately 10% demonstrate malignant behavior. • Histological analysis is not consistently dependable in forecasting aggressive tumor behavior; nonetheless, concerning indicators include tumor size exceeding 5 cm, necrosis, vascular invasion, cellular pleomorphism, and elevated mitotic activity
Sertoli cell tumor • A sex-cord stromal neoplasm constituting approximately 1% of all testicular tumors. • Predominantly manifests as a testicular mass in young and middle-aged males. Macroscopically, they typically present as solid yellow or white tumors. Histologically, they consist of oval cells that create hollow or solid tubular structures. Approximately 10% of tumors are malignant; analogous histological parameters are employed to anticipate malignant behavior as with Leydig cell tumors.
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