Osteoarticular Malformations: Study Guide

This guide summarizes key information on two common osteoarticular malformations: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) and Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot).

I. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Definition: An imperfect development of the hip joint, increasing the risk of hip dislocation. Involves the femoral head, acetabulum, or both.

Epidemiology:

• Prevalence: 1-2 per 1000 live births.
• Screening: All neonates are screened routinely.
• Laterality: More common in the left hip.
• Sex: Four times more common in girls.

Risk Factors:

• Positive family history
• Firstborn child
• Breech delivery
• Oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid)

Clinical Significance: Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent secondary osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) later in life.

II. Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)

Definition: A foot deformity characterized by adduction (inward turning) and supination (upward turning) of the forefoot, and downward pointing of the hindfoot.

Epidemiology:

• Prevalence: ~1 in 1000 live births.

Etiology:

• Usually idiopathic (unknown cause).
• Can be associated with:
• Spina bifida (neural tube defect)
• Intrauterine compression due to oligohydramnios.

Clinical Features: Variable severity of deformity.

Treatment: Conservative treatment (e.g., casting) may suffice; surgery may be necessary in severe cases.

Key Differences & Summary Table:

Study Tip: Create flashcards for key terms, risk factors, and the distinguishing features of each condition. Consider drawing diagrams to visualize the deformities. Practice recalling the information without looking at your notes.