​Pathology - Ovarian Tumors of Sex Cord–Stromal Origin

​Pathology - Ovarian Tumors of Sex Cord–Stromal Origin
Risk factors comprise nulliparity, positive family history of ovarian cancer, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, and high expression of the HER2/neu oncogene.
Impacts individuals of all age brackets.

Ovarian fibroma-thecoma (OFT) is a tumor that secretes estrogen and is made up of spherical lipid-containing cells along with well-differentiated fibroblasts.

Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) secretes estrogen, leading to endometrial hyperplasia or cancer in adults. It is identified by Call-Exner bodies, which are tiny follicles with eosinophilic secretions, and small cuboidal granulosa cells grouped in interconnected cords.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) secretes androgens and is made up of Sertoli or Leydig cells mixed with stroma.
Slight, vague stomach ache.
Ovarian tumor, ascites, and hydrothorax characterize Meig syndrome.
GCT: Vaginal bleeding due to endometrial hyperplasia; early puberty; individuals have a higher risk of developing breast cystic disease and endometrial malignancy.
SLCT: Virilism.
Laboratory results: Elevated estrogen levels (OFT and GCT).

Excision of tumor; surgical removal of ovaries or uterus; administration of chemotherapy.
Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are uncommon.