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Pathology - Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
Definition: A malignant epithelial tumor in the pancreas consisting of infiltrating duct-like features.
Epidemiology • The most prevalent kind of pancreatic neoplasm. • Typically observed in individuals over 60 years old, with a slightly higher prevalence in men. • In developed countries, the incidence ranges between 1-10 per 100,000.
Aetiology • Smoking is the most widely acknowledged risk factor.
Carcinogenesis: Mutations that activate KRAS. • Decreased function of TP53, P16, and DPC4.
Presentation: persistent upper abdomen pain and significant weight loss. • Head tumors can produce obstructive jaundice. • The sudden onset of diabetes mellitus is also a suspicious finding.
Macroscopy reveals a firm tumor mass within the pancreas, typically originating in the head but can occur anywhere in the organ. Pancreatic carcinomas are often well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, with infiltrating malignant cells forming well-developed glandular structures. • Abundant fibroblastic stroma surrounds infiltrating glands. • Perineural invasion is widespread and likely contributes to high rates of peripancreatic tumour extension.
Prognosis: Extremely bad, with 5-year survival rates below 5%.
Definition: A malignant epithelial tumor in the pancreas consisting of infiltrating duct-like features.
Epidemiology • The most prevalent kind of pancreatic neoplasm. • Typically observed in individuals over 60 years old, with a slightly higher prevalence in men. • In developed countries, the incidence ranges between 1-10 per 100,000.
Aetiology • Smoking is the most widely acknowledged risk factor.
Carcinogenesis: Mutations that activate KRAS. • Decreased function of TP53, P16, and DPC4.
Presentation: persistent upper abdomen pain and significant weight loss. • Head tumors can produce obstructive jaundice. • The sudden onset of diabetes mellitus is also a suspicious finding.
Macroscopy reveals a firm tumor mass within the pancreas, typically originating in the head but can occur anywhere in the organ. Pancreatic carcinomas are often well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, with infiltrating malignant cells forming well-developed glandular structures. • Abundant fibroblastic stroma surrounds infiltrating glands. • Perineural invasion is widespread and likely contributes to high rates of peripancreatic tumour extension.
Prognosis: Extremely bad, with 5-year survival rates below 5%.
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