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Pathology - Paratesticular disorders
Epididymal cyst • Benign cystic lesion of the epididymis. • Typically manifests as a tiny paratesticular swelling that may exhibit tenderness. • Macroscopically, it presents as a thin-walled translucent cystic lesion. • Histologically, the cyst is lined by a thin, attenuated layer of non-descript epithelial cells.
Epididymitis • Typically arises from an ascending infection originating in the lower urinary tract. In males under 35 years, the etiology is typically a sexually transmitted infection, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In males over 35 years, the predominant cause is Escherichia coli.
Varicocele • A chronic abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord. • More prevalent on the left side due to the drainage of the testicular vein into the renal vein. • Typically manifests as nodularity on the lateral aspect of the scrotum. • May induce a dull ache, particularly after extended periods of standing or towards the day's conclusion. • May lead to male subfertility due to elevated blood flow, which increases scrotal warmth and hinders spermatogenesis.
Hydrocele • An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis. • A prevalent etiology of scrotal swelling. • Typically induced by trauma or a response to an underlying ailment such as epididymitis, orchitis, or a neoplasm.
Adenomatoid tumor • The predominant benign neoplasm of the paratesticular region. • Can manifest in the epididymis, spermatic cord, and tunica albuginea. • Predominantly observed in young people. • Grossly, they appear as small, solid, firm grey/white tumors often measuring less than 3 cm. • Histologically, they consist of dilated tubular structures lined with attenuated mesothelial cells.
Paratesticular sarcomas • Infrequent yet well-documented paratesticular neoplasms. The two predominant varieties are well-differentiated liposarcoma in adults and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children and adolescents.
Epididymal cyst • Benign cystic lesion of the epididymis. • Typically manifests as a tiny paratesticular swelling that may exhibit tenderness. • Macroscopically, it presents as a thin-walled translucent cystic lesion. • Histologically, the cyst is lined by a thin, attenuated layer of non-descript epithelial cells.
Epididymitis • Typically arises from an ascending infection originating in the lower urinary tract. In males under 35 years, the etiology is typically a sexually transmitted infection, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In males over 35 years, the predominant cause is Escherichia coli.
Varicocele • A chronic abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord. • More prevalent on the left side due to the drainage of the testicular vein into the renal vein. • Typically manifests as nodularity on the lateral aspect of the scrotum. • May induce a dull ache, particularly after extended periods of standing or towards the day's conclusion. • May lead to male subfertility due to elevated blood flow, which increases scrotal warmth and hinders spermatogenesis.
Hydrocele • An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis. • A prevalent etiology of scrotal swelling. • Typically induced by trauma or a response to an underlying ailment such as epididymitis, orchitis, or a neoplasm.
Adenomatoid tumor • The predominant benign neoplasm of the paratesticular region. • Can manifest in the epididymis, spermatic cord, and tunica albuginea. • Predominantly observed in young people. • Grossly, they appear as small, solid, firm grey/white tumors often measuring less than 3 cm. • Histologically, they consist of dilated tubular structures lined with attenuated mesothelial cells.
Paratesticular sarcomas • Infrequent yet well-documented paratesticular neoplasms. The two predominant varieties are well-differentiated liposarcoma in adults and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children and adolescents.
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