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Pathology - Pathologies of the salivary glands
Mucocele • Accumulation of salivary mucus resulting from obstruction of a salivary duct. • Primarily occurs on the lower lip. Histology reveals a cystic lesion filled with mucus and bordered by epithelium (retention mucocele) or granulation tissue (extravasation mucocele).
Pleomorphic adenoma • The most prevalent neoplasm of the salivary glands. The majority manifests in the parotid gland as a painless, gradually enlarging mass. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology reveals a cellular composition characterized by a plethora of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, together with fibrous stromal fragments. Histological analysis reveals a well-defined tumor consisting of a combination of ductal epithelium, myoepithelial cells, and a myxochondroid stroma. • Benign neoplasm, although may return after insufficient resection.
Warthin's tumor • The second most prevalent neoplasm of the salivary glands. • Nearly all instances arise in the parotid gland, presenting as a painless, gradually enlarging mass. • Fine needle aspiration cytology reveals clusters of oncocytic epithelial cells accompanied by a substantial presence of lymphoid cells in the background. Histology reveals a confined tumor consisting of a bilayer of oncocytic epithelium accompanied by a thick lymphoid stroma beneath. • Benign neoplasm, although may return after insufficient resection
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma • The most prevalent malignant tumor of the salivary glands. • Exhibits a painful tumor associated with a principal salivary gland. FNA cytology reveals the presence of mucus, intermediate cells, and mucous cells. Histology reveals an infiltrative tumor comprised of a combination of intermediate, squamoid, and mucous cells. Cystic alterations may be observed. Most tumors are low-grade and exhibit favorable behavior, with a survival rate exceeding 95%. High-grade tumors exhibit aggressive behavior, with a survival rate of approximately 45%.
Acinic cell carcinoma • Malignant salivary gland neoplasm predominantly originating in the parotid gland. • Exhibits a bulk that may be painful. Histology reveals a tumor comprised of serous acinar cells exhibiting granular cytoplasm, which may develop in various architectural configurations. • Five-year survival rate approximately 80%.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma • Malignant salivary gland neoplasm predominantly originating in small salivary glands. • Manifestations include a gradually enlarging lump that may be uncomfortable. Histology reveals an infiltrative tumor comprised of basaloid epithelial and myoepithelial cells, typically organized into cribriform sheets. Perineural invasion is commonly observed. • Five-year survival rate around 60%
Mucocele • Accumulation of salivary mucus resulting from obstruction of a salivary duct. • Primarily occurs on the lower lip. Histology reveals a cystic lesion filled with mucus and bordered by epithelium (retention mucocele) or granulation tissue (extravasation mucocele).
Pleomorphic adenoma • The most prevalent neoplasm of the salivary glands. The majority manifests in the parotid gland as a painless, gradually enlarging mass. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology reveals a cellular composition characterized by a plethora of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, together with fibrous stromal fragments. Histological analysis reveals a well-defined tumor consisting of a combination of ductal epithelium, myoepithelial cells, and a myxochondroid stroma. • Benign neoplasm, although may return after insufficient resection.
Warthin's tumor • The second most prevalent neoplasm of the salivary glands. • Nearly all instances arise in the parotid gland, presenting as a painless, gradually enlarging mass. • Fine needle aspiration cytology reveals clusters of oncocytic epithelial cells accompanied by a substantial presence of lymphoid cells in the background. Histology reveals a confined tumor consisting of a bilayer of oncocytic epithelium accompanied by a thick lymphoid stroma beneath. • Benign neoplasm, although may return after insufficient resection
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma • The most prevalent malignant tumor of the salivary glands. • Exhibits a painful tumor associated with a principal salivary gland. FNA cytology reveals the presence of mucus, intermediate cells, and mucous cells. Histology reveals an infiltrative tumor comprised of a combination of intermediate, squamoid, and mucous cells. Cystic alterations may be observed. Most tumors are low-grade and exhibit favorable behavior, with a survival rate exceeding 95%. High-grade tumors exhibit aggressive behavior, with a survival rate of approximately 45%.
Acinic cell carcinoma • Malignant salivary gland neoplasm predominantly originating in the parotid gland. • Exhibits a bulk that may be painful. Histology reveals a tumor comprised of serous acinar cells exhibiting granular cytoplasm, which may develop in various architectural configurations. • Five-year survival rate approximately 80%.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma • Malignant salivary gland neoplasm predominantly originating in small salivary glands. • Manifestations include a gradually enlarging lump that may be uncomfortable. Histology reveals an infiltrative tumor comprised of basaloid epithelial and myoepithelial cells, typically organized into cribriform sheets. Perineural invasion is commonly observed. • Five-year survival rate around 60%
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