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Pathology - Pelvic inflammatory disease
Definition: An infection of the upper female vaginal canal.
Epidemiology • The majority of instances occur in young sexually active women aged 15 to 25. The true incidence is challenging to ascertain due to numerous undiagnosed instances.
Aetiology • The majority of cases result from ascending infections caused by either Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis or Neisseria (N.) gonorrhoeae. Both organisms are sexually transmitted microorganisms. • Cases not linked to sexually transmitted infections are frequently connected with intrauterine devices or retained products of conception following childbirth or miscarriage.
Presentation • Typically, there are enduring symptoms of pelvic discomfort, dyspareunia, and post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding. • Severe instances may result in an acute illness characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and peritonitis. 2 It is important to recognize that numerous women remain asymptomatic and consequently undetected.
Complications • Infertility: the likelihood of infertility escalates with each occurrence of infection. Women who experience three or more bouts of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) have a 40% likelihood of infertility. • Ectopic pregnancy: the chance is increased sixfold, perhaps due to deformation and scarring of the fallopian tubes. • Persistent pelvic pain and painful intercourse
Definition: An infection of the upper female vaginal canal.
Epidemiology • The majority of instances occur in young sexually active women aged 15 to 25. The true incidence is challenging to ascertain due to numerous undiagnosed instances.
Aetiology • The majority of cases result from ascending infections caused by either Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis or Neisseria (N.) gonorrhoeae. Both organisms are sexually transmitted microorganisms. • Cases not linked to sexually transmitted infections are frequently connected with intrauterine devices or retained products of conception following childbirth or miscarriage.
Presentation • Typically, there are enduring symptoms of pelvic discomfort, dyspareunia, and post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding. • Severe instances may result in an acute illness characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and peritonitis. 2 It is important to recognize that numerous women remain asymptomatic and consequently undetected.
Complications • Infertility: the likelihood of infertility escalates with each occurrence of infection. Women who experience three or more bouts of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) have a 40% likelihood of infertility. • Ectopic pregnancy: the chance is increased sixfold, perhaps due to deformation and scarring of the fallopian tubes. • Persistent pelvic pain and painful intercourse
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