- Published on
Pathology - Plasma cell myeloma
Definition: A diffuse neoplasm of plasma cells originating from bone marrow, characterized by the presence of paraproteins in serum and/or urine.
Epidemiology • Incidence ranges from 3 to 5 per 100,000 individuals. •
Manifestations are observed in older persons, with a mean diagnostic age of 70 years. • There is a masculine predominance of 1.5:1.
Aetiology • Unidentified.
Pathogenesis The neoplastic plasma cells produce cytokines that activate osteoclasts, resulting in lytic bone lesions. Circulating paraprotein inhibits normal immunoglobulin synthesis, hence elevating the susceptibility to infections. Free light chains traversing the kidneys contribute to renal failure.
Presentation: • Ostealgia and recurring infections. • Anemia, elevated ESR, hypercalcemia, and renal dysfunction are prevalent.
Histopathology A definitive diagnosis necessitates a bone marrow biopsy. • The bone marrow exhibits an abundance of monoclonal plasma cells organized in clusters, nodules, or sheets. • Clonality can be confirmed immunohistochemically by demonstrating kappa or lambda light chain restriction.
Prognosis • Myeloma is an incurable condition. • Average survival is 3–4 years post-diagnosis.
Definition: A diffuse neoplasm of plasma cells originating from bone marrow, characterized by the presence of paraproteins in serum and/or urine.
Epidemiology • Incidence ranges from 3 to 5 per 100,000 individuals. •
Manifestations are observed in older persons, with a mean diagnostic age of 70 years. • There is a masculine predominance of 1.5:1.
Aetiology • Unidentified.
Pathogenesis The neoplastic plasma cells produce cytokines that activate osteoclasts, resulting in lytic bone lesions. Circulating paraprotein inhibits normal immunoglobulin synthesis, hence elevating the susceptibility to infections. Free light chains traversing the kidneys contribute to renal failure.
Presentation: • Ostealgia and recurring infections. • Anemia, elevated ESR, hypercalcemia, and renal dysfunction are prevalent.
Histopathology A definitive diagnosis necessitates a bone marrow biopsy. • The bone marrow exhibits an abundance of monoclonal plasma cells organized in clusters, nodules, or sheets. • Clonality can be confirmed immunohistochemically by demonstrating kappa or lambda light chain restriction.
Prognosis • Myeloma is an incurable condition. • Average survival is 3–4 years post-diagnosis.
0 Comments
