​Pathology - Polycythemia Vera

​Pathology - Polycythemia Vera 
Polycythemia Vera is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the body.

Myeloproliferative disorder is a condition where there is abnormal growth of blood cells. In 95% of instances, this disorder is linked to a specific genetic mutation called JAK2V617F.
Most commonly observed in males who are middle-aged, overweight, and have hypertension.

Study of the nature and causes of diseases. 
Bone marrow: The bone marrow is characterized by a high number of cells, particularly erythroid precursor cells. There is also a rise in other types of blood-forming cells, such as megakaryocytes and myelocytes.
The patient presents with splenomegaly, pruritus, symptoms related to increased blood thickness such as headache and impaired vision, venous thrombosis, and bleeding.
Laboratory results include elevated hematocrit (Hct) and red blood cell (RBC) count, reduced levels of erythropoietin, elevated white blood cells (WBCs), increased platelets, elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), increased serum vitamin B levels, and hyperuricemia.

Treatment options include phlebotomy, aspirin, and hydroxyurea in cases of thrombosis.

Polycythemia vera is classified as a myeloproliferative condition, along with essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis.
Essential thrombocythemia is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in platelet count (thrombocytosis) and an excessive production of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes (megakaryocytosis). This condition typically manifests with both bleeding and the formation of blood clots (thrombosis).
Secondary polycythemia is characterized by an increase in the mass of blood cells due to an increase in the production of erythropoietin. This increase is induced by persistent hypoxia, renal illness, or Cushing syndrome.