Pathology - Renal Cell Carcinoma
Linked to von Hippel-Lindau disease, deletion on chromosome 3, and cigarette smoking. Most prevalent in men with a 2:1 male to female ratio during their sixth decade of life, typically between the ages of 50 and 70. The kidney pathology is characterized by polygonal transparent cells that are formed from the tubular epithelium and are defined solely by cell membranes with nuclei pushed to the sides. Invades the inferior vena cava and spreads through the bloodstream to the lungs, bones, and other locations. Clinical Symptoms and Signs Characterized by hematuria, palpable abdominal mass, flank pain, prolonged fever, and weight loss; linked with paraneoplastic disorders such as ectopic EPO, ACTH, PTHrP, prolactin, gonadotropins, and renin. Imaging: CT scan shows a solid mass in the kidney. Laboratory results: Secondary polycythemia caused by elevated erythropoietin (EPO) levels. Perform radical nephrectomy for localized disease and administer chemotherapy or radiation for invasive or distant disease. Renal cell carcinoma is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer.
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