Pathology - Thromboembolism Obliterans, often known as Burger Disease

​Pathology - Thromboembolism Obliterans, often known as Burger Disease

The cause is yet unidentified, although there is a significant correlation with smoking.
Most commonly observed in males between the ages of 25 and 50, however it can also manifest in females.

Study of diseases and their effects on the body. 
Gross Pathology: There is inflammation of specific sections of the small- and medium-sized arteries and veins in the peripheral areas, particularly in the tibial and radial arteries.
Study of cellular and tissue abnormalities at a microscopic level. The affected area shows inflammation that extends across the entire thickness of the wall, with both acute and chronic inflammatory cells present. Additionally, there is the presence of blood clotting within the inner space of the structure, along with small pockets of infection surrounded by a kind of inflammation called granulomatous inflammation.

Symptoms and signs 
The individual experiences intermittent claudication, superficial thrombophlebitis, numbness, and paresthesias in the affected extremities. They also have Raynaud phenomenon, which causes the extremities to become numb and cold. Additionally, they suffer from extremely painful ischemia crises in the limbs, which can lead to ulceration or even gangrene.

Therapy 
Smoking cessation is the act of quitting smoking. Sympathectomy is a surgical procedure used to avoid vasospasm, which is the narrowing of blood vessels. In severe situations where gangrene, which is the death of body tissue, occurs, amputation of the affected limb may be necessary.