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Pathology - Vulvar dermatoses
Eczemas • Frequently occur on vulval skin. • The two predominant forms are seborrhoeic dermatitis and irritating contact dermatitis. • Their looks resemble those found in other areas of the skin
Lichen simplex chronicus • Hyperkeratotic lesions likely indicative of a non-specific response to persistent pruritus. The labium majus is the primary location on the vulva. Histologically, there is significant epidermal thickening accompanied by hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis.
Psoriasis • Vulval psoriasis generally presents as the flexural type, characterized by significant erythema and the absence of scaling. • The typical histological findings reveal regular psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia accompanied by plaques of parakeratosis and a loss of the granular layer. Neutrophils are located within the parakeratosis. Vulval psoriasis may have unusual histology, complicating the diagnostic process.
Lichen planus • May occur in people with generalized disease or be confined to the genital area. The lesions are purple, flat-topped, and glossy papules. Erosive illness may manifest, perhaps resulting in scarring. Histologically, a band-like infiltrate of inflammatory cells comprising lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells is observed. The superficial epidermis exhibits basal cell injury and may be either thickened or atrophic. Lichen planus presents a marginally elevated risk for the emergence of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and squamous cell carcinoma.
Lichen sclerosus is an inflammatory dermatosis of indeterminate etiology, predominantly affecting the anogenital skin in women. Clinically, there are white papules and plaques with a wrinkled surface. There may be regions of atrophy and hemorrhage. Pruritus, burning sensations, and dyspareunia are prevalent symptoms. The epidermis exhibits histological thinning and interface alteration. A band of hyalinization is present beneath the epidermis, accompanied by a persistent inflammatory cell infiltrate. Lichen sclerosus is associated with a slight increase in the risk of developing vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and squamous cell carcinoma.
Eczemas • Frequently occur on vulval skin. • The two predominant forms are seborrhoeic dermatitis and irritating contact dermatitis. • Their looks resemble those found in other areas of the skin
Lichen simplex chronicus • Hyperkeratotic lesions likely indicative of a non-specific response to persistent pruritus. The labium majus is the primary location on the vulva. Histologically, there is significant epidermal thickening accompanied by hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis.
Psoriasis • Vulval psoriasis generally presents as the flexural type, characterized by significant erythema and the absence of scaling. • The typical histological findings reveal regular psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia accompanied by plaques of parakeratosis and a loss of the granular layer. Neutrophils are located within the parakeratosis. Vulval psoriasis may have unusual histology, complicating the diagnostic process.
Lichen planus • May occur in people with generalized disease or be confined to the genital area. The lesions are purple, flat-topped, and glossy papules. Erosive illness may manifest, perhaps resulting in scarring. Histologically, a band-like infiltrate of inflammatory cells comprising lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells is observed. The superficial epidermis exhibits basal cell injury and may be either thickened or atrophic. Lichen planus presents a marginally elevated risk for the emergence of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and squamous cell carcinoma.
Lichen sclerosus is an inflammatory dermatosis of indeterminate etiology, predominantly affecting the anogenital skin in women. Clinically, there are white papules and plaques with a wrinkled surface. There may be regions of atrophy and hemorrhage. Pruritus, burning sensations, and dyspareunia are prevalent symptoms. The epidermis exhibits histological thinning and interface alteration. A band of hyalinization is present beneath the epidermis, accompanied by a persistent inflammatory cell infiltrate. Lichen sclerosus is associated with a slight increase in the risk of developing vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and squamous cell carcinoma.
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