​Pathology - Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

​Pathology - Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
The hyperviscosity syndrome is mostly linked to the presence of IgM-producing plasmacytic lymphocytes, which are a combination of plasma cells and B lymphocytes.
Most commonly observed in males over the age of 30.

Study of diseases and their effects on the body. 
Bone marrow: Combination of tiny lymphoid cells exhibiting varying levels of plasma cell differentiation. Dutcher bodies are eosinophilic inclusion forms seen in the nucleus.  Russian bodies are eosinophilic inclusion bodies seen in the cytoplasm.
Erythrocytes in the peripheral blood smear exhibit rouleaux development.

Symptoms and signs 
Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, anemia, enlargement of the liver and spleen, swelling of the lymph nodes, and dilation of the veins in the retina.
Complications encompass hyperviscosity syndrome caused by the presence of circulating IgM, resulting in symptoms such as fuzzy vision, neurological problems, and heart failure. Additionally, complications may include bleeding and peripheral neuropathy due to the deposition of IgM.
Laboratory results indicate the presence of a monoclonal IgM spike on serum protein electrophoresis, along with an elevated serum viscosity. Reduced hematocrit.

Treatment options include chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy using rituximab. In cases of severe hyperviscosity, plasmapheresis may be performed.
Written observations or records of information.