​Pharmacology - Tramadol

​Pharmacology - Tramadol 
Tramadol can be used to alleviate pain ( analgesia) 
Method of Operation 
Weak agonist effect at μ opioid receptors, but the primary action is linked to the increase of monoamine neurotransmission through the suppression of 5-HT and noradrenaline absorption into nerve terminals. Inhibition of analgesic activity has been found to occur when 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are present.

Oral admin. It has a half life of six hours and is susceptible to hepatic demethylation and conjugation.

Use in Clinical Settings
Pain that is mild to moderately intense. Used after surgical procedures. Pain that is neuropathic.

Adverse Effects
Feeling lightheaded, sick, and throwing up. Depression of the respiratory system, constipation, and addiction (albeit on a smaller scale than with morphine). Convulsions are occurring.