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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Abnormal  Uterine Bleeding
PREGNANCY
• Threatened abortion
• Incomplete abortion
• Complete abortion
• Molar pregnancy
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Retained products of conception
OVULATORY
• Vulva: infection, laceration, tumor
• Vagina: infection, laceration, tumor, foreign body
• Cervix: polyps, cervical erosion, cervicitis, carcinoma
• Uterus: fibroids (submucous fibroids most likely to cause abnormal bleeding), polyps, adenomyosis, endometritis, intrauterine device, atrophic endometrium
• Pregnancy complications: ectopic pregnancy; threatened, incomplete, complete abortion; retained products of conception
• Abnormality of clotting system
• Midcycle bleeding
• Halban’s disease (persistent corpus luteum)
• Menorrhagia
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
ANOVULATORY
• Physiologic causes
• Puberty
• Perimenopausal
• Pathologic causes
• Ovarian failure (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] >40 IU/ml)
• Hyperandrogenism
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Obesity
• Hypothalamic dysfunction (polycystic ovaries); luteinizing hormone (LH)/FSH ratio >2 : 1
• Hyperplasia
• Endometrial carcinoma
• Estrogen-producing tumors
• Hypothyroidism
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.