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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Tubulointerstitial Disease
DRUGS
• Antibiotics, penicillins, cephalosporins, rifampin
• Sulfonamides: cotrimoxazole, sulfamethoxazole
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): propionic acid
derivatives
• Miscellaneous: phenytoin, thiazides, allopurinol, cimetidine, ifosfamide
INFECTIONS
• Invasion of renal parenchyma
• Reaction to systemic infections: streptococcal, diphtheria,
hantavirus
SYSTEMIC DISEASES
• Immune mediated: lupus, transplanted kidney, cryoglobulinemias
METABOLIC
• Urate, oxalate
NEOPLASTIC
• Lymphoproliferative diseases
IDIOPATHIC
Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease14
• Ischemic and toxic acute tubular necrosis
• Allergic interstitial nephritis
• Interstitial nephritis secondary to immune complex–related collagen-vascular disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], Sjögren’s syndrome)
• Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis, uveitis)
• Pigment-related tubular injury (myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria)
• Hypercalcemia with nephrocalcinosis
• Tubular obstruction (drugs such as indinavir, uric acid in tumor lysis syndrome)
• Myeloma kidney or cast nephropathy
• Infection-related interstitial nephritis: Legionella, Leptospira
• Infiltrative diseases (e.g., lymphoma)
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.