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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Urinary Retention
• Abdominal or pelvic surgery
• Alcohol toxicity
• Anxiety
• CNS neoplasm (primary or metastatic)
• Encephalitis
• Lower urinary tract instrumentation
• Mechanical obstruction: urethral stone, foreign body, urethral stricture, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate carcinoma, prostatitis, trauma with hematoma formation)
• Medications (antihistamines, antidepressants, narcotics,
• Neurogenic bladder
• Neurologic disease (multiple sclerosis [MS], parkinsonism, tabes dorsalis, cerebrovascular accident [CVA])
• Postoperative pain
• Pregnancy
• Spina bifida occulta
• Spinal anesthesia
• Spinal cord injury
anticholinergics)
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.