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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Acute Watery and Bloody Diarrhea
ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Protozoal (e.g., Giardia)
• Bacterial (e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, cholera)
• Viral (e.g., rotavirus, Norwalk virus)
• Drugs
• Toxins
• Dietary constituents (e.g., lactose intolerance)
• Onset of chronic diarrheal illness
ACUTE BLOODY DIARRHEA
• Infectious colitis
• Confluent proctocolitis (e.g., Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Entamoeba histolytica)
• Segmental colitis (e.g., Campylobacter, Salmonella, enteroinvasive
E. coli, Aeromonas, E. histolytica)
• Drug-induced colitis (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs])
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Ischemic colitis (usually elderly patient with underlying heart disease or arrhythmias)
• Antibiotic-associated colitis
ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Protozoal (e.g., Giardia)
• Bacterial (e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, cholera)
• Viral (e.g., rotavirus, Norwalk virus)
• Drugs
• Toxins
• Dietary constituents (e.g., lactose intolerance)
• Onset of chronic diarrheal illness
ACUTE BLOODY DIARRHEA
• Infectious colitis
• Confluent proctocolitis (e.g., Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Entamoeba histolytica)
• Segmental colitis (e.g., Campylobacter, Salmonella, enteroinvasive
E. coli, Aeromonas, E. histolytica)
• Drug-induced colitis (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs])
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Ischemic colitis (usually elderly patient with underlying heart disease or arrhythmias)
• Antibiotic-associated colitis
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