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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ankle Oedema
Pitting, bilateral
Heart failure
Hypothyroidism
Iatrogenic: oestrogens, calcium channel blockers, fluid overload
Liver failure, other causes of hypoalbuminaemia: malnutrition, malabsorption,
nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy
obstruction
Renal failure
Venous insufficiency: acute (prolonged sitting), chronic
Venous obstruction, e.g. pelvic mass, pregnancy, IVC/bilateral iliac vein
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Non-pitting Lymphoedema: primary, lymph node involvement: radiotherapy, infection
(filariasis), malignant infiltration, excision
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.