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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Apex beat
Heaving (pressure loaded)
Aortic stenosis (See Aortic stenosis)
Systemic hypertension

Thrusting (volume loaded)
Mitral regurgitation 
Aortic regurgitation 

Tapping
Apex beat not palpated
COPD
Dextrocardia
L-sided pleural effusion
L-sided pneumothorax
Large pericardial Effusion
Mitral stenosis 
Obesity, muscular chest wall
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