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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Apex beat
Heaving (pressure loaded)
Aortic stenosis (See Aortic stenosis)
Systemic hypertension
Thrusting (volume loaded)
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Tapping
Apex beat not palpated
COPD
Dextrocardia
L-sided pleural effusion
L-sided pneumothorax
Large pericardial Effusion
Mitral stenosis
Obesity, muscular chest wall
Heaving (pressure loaded)
Aortic stenosis (See Aortic stenosis)
Systemic hypertension
Thrusting (volume loaded)
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation
Tapping
Apex beat not palpated
COPD
Dextrocardia
L-sided pleural effusion
L-sided pneumothorax
Large pericardial Effusion
Mitral stenosis
Obesity, muscular chest wall
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