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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Ataxia
Cerebellar ataxia
Vascular: infarction, haemorrhage
Infection: varicella, cerebellar abscess, TB, toxoplasmosis, cysticercosis
Inflammation: multiple sclerosis, vasculitis
Trauma
Tumour: cerebellar haemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, metastases, paraneoplastic
Toxidmetabolic: alcohol, phenytoin, myxoedema
Congenital: cerebellar hypoplasia, Dandy-Walker syndrome, Arnold-Chiari malformation
Degenerative: multiple system atrophy
Hereditary ataxias: autosomal recessive (e.g. Friedreich's ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia), autosomal dominant (e.g. spinocerebellar ataxia)
Storage diseases, e.g. Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sachs disease, ceroid lipofuscinosis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, sialidosis and numerous
other genetidmetabolic causes, e.g. Refsum disease, Wilson's disease, etc.
Sensory ataxia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord (See B12 deficiency), syphilis (tabes
dorsalis), cervical myelopathy, diabetic pseudotabes
Cerebellar ataxia
Vascular: infarction, haemorrhage
Infection: varicella, cerebellar abscess, TB, toxoplasmosis, cysticercosis
Inflammation: multiple sclerosis, vasculitis
Trauma
Tumour: cerebellar haemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, metastases, paraneoplastic
Toxidmetabolic: alcohol, phenytoin, myxoedema
Congenital: cerebellar hypoplasia, Dandy-Walker syndrome, Arnold-Chiari malformation
Degenerative: multiple system atrophy
Hereditary ataxias: autosomal recessive (e.g. Friedreich's ataxia, ataxia telangiectasia), autosomal dominant (e.g. spinocerebellar ataxia)
Storage diseases, e.g. Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sachs disease, ceroid lipofuscinosis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, sialidosis and numerous
other genetidmetabolic causes, e.g. Refsum disease, Wilson's disease, etc.
Sensory ataxia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord (See B12 deficiency), syphilis (tabes
dorsalis), cervical myelopathy, diabetic pseudotabes
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