​Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder

​Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
• Secondary manias caused by medical disorder (e.g., renal disease, AIDS, stroke, digoxin toxicity) are frequent.
• Onset of mania after the age of 40 years is suggestive of secondary mania.
• Less severe, and probably distinct, conditions of bipolar type II and cyclothymia are possible.
• Cross-sectional examination of acutely manic patient can be confused with schizophreniform or paranoid psychosis.