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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cardiac Murmurs
SYSTOLIC
• Mitral regurgitation (MR)
• Tricuspid regurgitation (TR)
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
• Aortic stenosis (AS)
• Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
• Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
• Innocent murmur of childhood
• Coarctation of aorta
• Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
DIASTOLIC
• Aortic regurgitation (AR)
• Atrial myxoma
• Mitral stenosis (MS)
• Pulmonary artery branch stenosis
• Tricuspid stenosis (TS)
• Graham Steell murmur (diastolic decrescendo murmur heard in
severe pulmonary hypertension)
• Pulmonic regurgitation (PR)
• Severe MR
• Austin Flint murmur (diastolic rumble heard in severe AR)
• Severe VSD and patent ductus arteriosus
CONTINUOUS
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Pulmonary arteriovenous (AV) fistula
SYSTOLIC
• Mitral regurgitation (MR)
• Tricuspid regurgitation (TR)
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
• Aortic stenosis (AS)
• Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
• Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
• Innocent murmur of childhood
• Coarctation of aorta
• Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
DIASTOLIC
• Aortic regurgitation (AR)
• Atrial myxoma
• Mitral stenosis (MS)
• Pulmonary artery branch stenosis
• Tricuspid stenosis (TS)
• Graham Steell murmur (diastolic decrescendo murmur heard in
severe pulmonary hypertension)
• Pulmonic regurgitation (PR)
• Severe MR
• Austin Flint murmur (diastolic rumble heard in severe AR)
• Severe VSD and patent ductus arteriosus
CONTINUOUS
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Pulmonary arteriovenous (AV) fistula
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