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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Cardioembolism
• Valvular heart disease (e.g., rheumatic mitral valve disease, mitral valve prolapse)
• Sick sinus syndrome and cardiac arrhythmias
• Prosthetic heart valves
• Patent foramen ovale
• Other: VVI pacing, ventricular support devices, heart transplantation, intracardiac defects with paradoxical embolism
• Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
• Left ventricular aneurysm
• Infective endocarditis
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Cyanotic heart disease
• Coronary artery bypass grafting
• Cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
• Balloon angioplasty
• Atrial septal defect
• Atrial septal aneurysm
• Atrial myxoma and other intracardiac tumors
• Atrial fibrillation
• Aneurysms of sinus of Valsalva
• Acute MI
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