Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Coma with Normal Computed Tomography

2/7/2024

Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Coma with Normal Computed Tomography
MENINGEAL DISORDERS
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (uncommon)
• Bacterial meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Subdural empyema
EXOGENOUS TOXINS
• Sedative drugs and barbiturates
• Anesthetics and γ-hydroxybutyrate*
• Alcohols
• Stimulants
• Phencyclidine†
• Cocaine and amphetamine‡
• Psychotropic drugs
• Cyclic antidepressants
• Phenothiazines
• Lithium
• Anticonvulsants
• Opioids
• Clonidine§
• Penicillins
• Salicylates
• Anticholinergics
• Carbon monoxide (CO), cyanide, and methemoglobinemia
ENDOGENOUS TOXINS, DEFICIENCIES, OR
DERANGEMENTS
• Hypoxia and ischemia
• Hypoglycemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Osmolar
• Hyperglycemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hypernatremia
• Organ system failure
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Uremic encephalopathy
• Pulmonary insufficiency (carbon dioxide narcosis)
SEIZURES
• Prolonged postictal state
• Spike-wave stupor
HYPOTHERMIA OR HYPERTHERMIA
• Brainstem ischemia
• Basilar artery stroke
• Brainstem or cerebellar hemorrhage
• Conversion or malingering

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Kembara Xtra

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