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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Dysphagia
lntraluminal
Foreign body
Intramural
Achalasia
Benign stricture: Oesophageal webs or rings
Cancer (oesophageal, gastric, pharyngeal)
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
GORD, corrosives, radiotherapy
Oesophagitis: infection, e.g. candidiasis, HSV, CMV, HIV or inflammation, e.g.
Others: scleroderma, Chagas' disease
Extramural
Aberrant subclavian artery (dysphagia lusoria)
Aortic aneurysm
Atrial (left) enlargement
Lung cancer
Lymphadenopathy
Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia
Pharyngeal pouch
Retrosternal goitre
Neuromuscular
Bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy
CVA
Guillain-Barre
Inflammatory myositis
Motor neurone disease
Myasthenia gravis
Syringobulbia
lntraluminal
Foreign body
Intramural
Achalasia
Benign stricture: Oesophageal webs or rings
Cancer (oesophageal, gastric, pharyngeal)
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
GORD, corrosives, radiotherapy
Oesophagitis: infection, e.g. candidiasis, HSV, CMV, HIV or inflammation, e.g.
Others: scleroderma, Chagas' disease
Extramural
Aberrant subclavian artery (dysphagia lusoria)
Aortic aneurysm
Atrial (left) enlargement
Lung cancer
Lymphadenopathy
Paraoesophageal hiatus hernia
Pharyngeal pouch
Retrosternal goitre
Neuromuscular
Bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy
CVA
Guillain-Barre
Inflammatory myositis
Motor neurone disease
Myasthenia gravis
Syringobulbia
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