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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Frostbite
• Cold immersion (trench) foot: caused by ischemic injury resulting from sustained severe vasoconstriction in appendages exposed to wet cold at temperatures above freezing
• Frostnip: transient tingling and numbness without associated permanent tissue damage
• Pernio (chilblains): a self-limited, cold-induced vasculitis of dermal vessels associated with purple plaques or nodules, often affecting dorsum of hands and feet and seen with prolonged cold exposure to above-freezing temperatures
• Cold immersion (trench) foot: caused by ischemic injury resulting from sustained severe vasoconstriction in appendages exposed to wet cold at temperatures above freezing
• Frostnip: transient tingling and numbness without associated permanent tissue damage
• Pernio (chilblains): a self-limited, cold-induced vasculitis of dermal vessels associated with purple plaques or nodules, often affecting dorsum of hands and feet and seen with prolonged cold exposure to above-freezing temperatures
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