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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Headache
• Cerebral aneurysm, arteriovenous malformations
• Cerebral hemorrhage/infarct
• Cerebral neoplasm
• Dental problems: abscess, periodontitis, poorly fitting dentures
• Drugs: alcohol, nitrates, histamine antagonists
• Effort induced: benign exertional headache, cough headache, coital cephalalgia
• Emotional, psychiatric
• Glaucoma and other eye diseases
• Infections: meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, sepsis, sinusitis, osteomyelitis, parotitis, mastoiditis
• Metabolic: uremia, carbon monoxide inhalation, hypoxia
• Musculoskeletal: neck and shoulder muscle contraction, strain of extraocular or intraocular muscles, cervical spondylosis, temporomandibular arthritis
• Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
• Otitis and other ear diseases
• Paget’s disease of the skull
• Pheochromocytoma, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism
• Post lumbar puncture
• Post trauma
• Pseudotumor cerebri
• Subdural hematoma
• Trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia
• Vascular: migraine, cluster headaches, temporal arteritis, hypertension, cavernous sinus thrombosis
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