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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hematuria
• Calculi: renal, ureteral, bladder, urethra
• Congenital anomalies: hemangiomas, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
• Cysts: simple cysts, polycystic disease
• Infections: glomerulonephritis, TB, cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, Schistosoma haematobium, yellow fever, blackwater fever
• Inflammatory processes: Goodpasture’s syndrome, periarteritis,
• Sickle cell disease and other hematologic disturbances: hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulants
• Somewhere else: bleeding genitals, factitious (drug addicts)
• Surgery: invasive procedures, prostatic resection, cystoscopy
• Toxins: turpentine, phenols, sulfonamides and other antibiotics, cyclophosphamide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Trauma: blow to kidney, insertion of Foley catheter or foreign body in urethra, prolonged and severe exercise, very rapid emptying of overdistended bladder
• Tumor: hypernephroma, Wilms’ tumor, papillary carcinoma of the bladder, prostatic and urethral neoplasms
post irradiation
• Calculi: renal, ureteral, bladder, urethra
• Congenital anomalies: hemangiomas, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
• Cysts: simple cysts, polycystic disease
• Infections: glomerulonephritis, TB, cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, Schistosoma haematobium, yellow fever, blackwater fever
• Inflammatory processes: Goodpasture’s syndrome, periarteritis,
• Sickle cell disease and other hematologic disturbances: hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulants
• Somewhere else: bleeding genitals, factitious (drug addicts)
• Surgery: invasive procedures, prostatic resection, cystoscopy
• Toxins: turpentine, phenols, sulfonamides and other antibiotics, cyclophosphamide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Trauma: blow to kidney, insertion of Foley catheter or foreign body in urethra, prolonged and severe exercise, very rapid emptying of overdistended bladder
• Tumor: hypernephroma, Wilms’ tumor, papillary carcinoma of the bladder, prostatic and urethral neoplasms
post irradiation
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