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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hoarseness
• Allergic rhinitis
• Endocrine abnormalities (puberty, menopause, hypothyroidism)
• Infections (laryngitis, epiglottitis, tracheitis, croup)
• Irritants (tobacco smoke)
• Neoplastic involvement of vocal cord (primary or metastatic)
• Neurologic abnormalities (multiple sclerosis [MS], amyotrophic
• Other (laryngeal webs or cysts, psychogenic, muscle tension
• Vocal cord polyps
• Vocal cord trauma (intubation, surgery)
• Voice strain
abnormalities)
lateral sclerosis [ALS], parkinsonism)
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.