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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcaemia
Drugs: Lithium, thiazides
Endocrine diseases: hyperthyroidism, phaeochromocytoma, acromegaly, Addison's disease
Excess vitamin D: self-administered, sarcoid, TB
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
Hypercalcaemia
Hypercalcaemia can also occur in diuretic phase of acute renal failure
Hypercalciuria
Hyperparathyroidism: primary and tertiary
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Immobility
Increased Ca2+ intake
Increased Ca2+ intake ('milk alkali syndrome')
Malignancy: multiple myeloma, bone metastasis: (prostate, kidney, thyroid, breast, lung), bronchial squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma
Other causes
Renal tubular acidosis
X-linked hypercalciuria (Dent's disease)


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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.