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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of  Hyperphosphatemia
• Excessive phosphate administration
• Excessive oral intake or IV administration
• Laxatives containing phosphate (phosphate tablets, phosphate
enemas)
• Decreased renal phosphate excretion
• Acute or chronic renal failure
• Hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism
• Acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis
• Bisphosphonate therapy
• Tumor calcinosis
• Sickle cell anemia
• Transcellular shift out of cells
• Chemotherapy of lymphoma or leukemia, tumor lysis
syndrome, hemolysis
• Acidosis
• Rhabdomyolysis, malignant hyperthermia
• Artifact: in vitro hemolysis
• Pseudohyperphosphatemia: hyperlipidemia, paraproteinemia,
hyperbilirubinemia
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.