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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypomagnesemia
• Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
• Redistribution: hypoalbuminemia, cirrhosis, administration of insulin and glucose, theophylline, epinephrine, acute pancreatitis, cardiopulmonary bypass
• Parenteral therapy without magnesium
• Miscellaneous: sweating, burns, prolonged exercise, lactation, “hungry bones” syndrome
• Inadequate dietary intake (e.g., alcoholics)
• Endocrine disturbances (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], hyperaldosteronism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), Bartter’s syndrome, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia
• Diuretics
• Diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
• Defective GI absorption (malabsorption)
• Cisplatin, alcohol, cyclosporine, digoxin, pentamidine, mannitol, amphotericin B, foscarnet, methotrexate
• Chronic diarrhea, villous adenoma, prolonged nasogastric suction, fistulas (small bowel, biliary)
• Antibiotics (gentamicin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin)
• Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
• Redistribution: hypoalbuminemia, cirrhosis, administration of insulin and glucose, theophylline, epinephrine, acute pancreatitis, cardiopulmonary bypass
• Parenteral therapy without magnesium
• Miscellaneous: sweating, burns, prolonged exercise, lactation, “hungry bones” syndrome
• Inadequate dietary intake (e.g., alcoholics)
• Endocrine disturbances (diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], hyperaldosteronism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), Bartter’s syndrome, hypercalciuria, hypokalemia
• Diuretics
• Diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
• Defective GI absorption (malabsorption)
• Cisplatin, alcohol, cyclosporine, digoxin, pentamidine, mannitol, amphotericin B, foscarnet, methotrexate
• Chronic diarrhea, villous adenoma, prolonged nasogastric suction, fistulas (small bowel, biliary)
• Antibiotics (gentamicin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin)
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