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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Hypopituitarism
• Acquired: the result of destruction of pituitary cells caused by
• Congenital: mutations in transcription factors produce multiple hormonal deficiencies. Mutations in genes produce single hormonal deficiency.
• Infiltrative disease, including sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, histiocytosis X, Wegener’s granulomatosis, lymphocytic hypophysitis, and infection of the pituitary (tuberculosis,
• Pituitary apoplexy: hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. Predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus, anticoagulation therapy, head trauma, and radiation therapy. Sheehan’s syndrome: postpartum necrosis, a rare complication after pregnancy.
• Pituitary tumors: classified by size (microadenomas, <10 mm; macroadenomas, >10 mm) and function. Prolactin-secreting tumors and nonfunctioning tumors account for the majority of pituitary adenomas.
• Primary empty sella syndrome: flattening of the pituitary gland caused by extension of the subarachnoid space and filling of cerebrospinal fluid into the sella turcica
• Suprasellar tumors: craniopharyngiomas are the most common.
mycosis, syphilis)
• Acquired: the result of destruction of pituitary cells caused by
• Congenital: mutations in transcription factors produce multiple hormonal deficiencies. Mutations in genes produce single hormonal deficiency.
• Infiltrative disease, including sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, histiocytosis X, Wegener’s granulomatosis, lymphocytic hypophysitis, and infection of the pituitary (tuberculosis,
• Pituitary apoplexy: hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. Predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus, anticoagulation therapy, head trauma, and radiation therapy. Sheehan’s syndrome: postpartum necrosis, a rare complication after pregnancy.
• Pituitary tumors: classified by size (microadenomas, <10 mm; macroadenomas, >10 mm) and function. Prolactin-secreting tumors and nonfunctioning tumors account for the majority of pituitary adenomas.
• Primary empty sella syndrome: flattening of the pituitary gland caused by extension of the subarachnoid space and filling of cerebrospinal fluid into the sella turcica
• Suprasellar tumors: craniopharyngiomas are the most common.
mycosis, syphilis)
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