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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
• The symptoms and signs of IIH are essentially those of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and the differential diagnosis includes any condition that may be associated with raised ICP. Here we consider only those disease processes in which elevated ICP occurs in the context of normal CSF analysis and normal MRI. (Of note, venous sinus thrombosis [VST] is on this list despite associated MRI findings. VST should be excluded in all individuals with suspected IIH.)
• Medications: vitamin A and retinoids, steroids (both use and withdrawal), oral contraceptives
• Autoimmune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet’s disease
• Vascular disease: venous sinus thrombosis
• Other conditions: hypertension, CHF, pregnancy, obesity, uremia, obstructive sleep apnea
• The symptoms and signs of IIH are essentially those of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and the differential diagnosis includes any condition that may be associated with raised ICP. Here we consider only those disease processes in which elevated ICP occurs in the context of normal CSF analysis and normal MRI. (Of note, venous sinus thrombosis [VST] is on this list despite associated MRI findings. VST should be excluded in all individuals with suspected IIH.)
• Medications: vitamin A and retinoids, steroids (both use and withdrawal), oral contraceptives
• Autoimmune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet’s disease
• Vascular disease: venous sinus thrombosis
• Other conditions: hypertension, CHF, pregnancy, obesity, uremia, obstructive sleep apnea
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