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Symptoms and Signs - Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic Encephalopathy
• Cofactor deficiency: thiamine, vitamin B12, pyridoxine (isoniazid [INH] administration)
• Electrolyte disorders: hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, carbon dioxide narcosis, dialysis, hypermagnesemia, disequilibrium syndrome
• Endocrinopathies: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar coma, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperparathyroidism
• Endogenous toxins: liver disease, uremia, porphyria
• Epilepsy (postictal)
• Exogenous toxins: drug overdose (sedative-hypnotics, ethanol, narcotics, salicylates, tricyclic antidepressants), drug withdrawal, toxicity of therapeutic medications, industrial toxins (e.g., organophosphates, heavy metals), sepsis
• Heat stroke
• Substrate deficiency: hypoxia/ischemia, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, hypoglycemia
• Cofactor deficiency: thiamine, vitamin B12, pyridoxine (isoniazid [INH] administration)
• Electrolyte disorders: hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, carbon dioxide narcosis, dialysis, hypermagnesemia, disequilibrium syndrome
• Endocrinopathies: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar coma, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperparathyroidism
• Endogenous toxins: liver disease, uremia, porphyria
• Epilepsy (postictal)
• Exogenous toxins: drug overdose (sedative-hypnotics, ethanol, narcotics, salicylates, tricyclic antidepressants), drug withdrawal, toxicity of therapeutic medications, industrial toxins (e.g., organophosphates, heavy metals), sepsis
• Heat stroke
• Substrate deficiency: hypoxia/ischemia, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, hypoglycemia
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