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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Munchausen’s Syndrome
• Malingering: a clear secondary gain (e.g., financial gain or avoidance of unwanted duties) is present.
• Munchausen’s by proxy: a mother (86% of the time) or other caregiver induces illness in a child (52% between the ages of 3 and 13 years) for the purpose of obtaining medical attention without other secondary gain.
• Self-injurious behavior is common in many other psychiatric conditions (e.g., borderline personality disorder, psychoses, or nonfatal suicide attempt as may occur in depression); in those conditions, the patients confess the intentional self-harm and describe motivating factors.
• Somatoform disorders or hypochondriasis: similar presentations, but the disorder is not under the patient’s control.
• Malingering: a clear secondary gain (e.g., financial gain or avoidance of unwanted duties) is present.
• Munchausen’s by proxy: a mother (86% of the time) or other caregiver induces illness in a child (52% between the ages of 3 and 13 years) for the purpose of obtaining medical attention without other secondary gain.
• Self-injurious behavior is common in many other psychiatric conditions (e.g., borderline personality disorder, psychoses, or nonfatal suicide attempt as may occur in depression); in those conditions, the patients confess the intentional self-harm and describe motivating factors.
• Somatoform disorders or hypochondriasis: similar presentations, but the disorder is not under the patient’s control.
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