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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Panic Disorder
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
• Endocrinopathies
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Pheochromocytoma
• Carcinoid tumor
• Cardiac and respiratory diseases
• Arrhythmias
• Myocardial infarction
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Metabolic
• Hypoglycemia
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Porphyria
• Seizure disorders
• Psychiatric disorders (NOTE: Panic attacks are common in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Panic disorder could be conceptualized as a phobia of the somatic sensations or situations that have become paired with panic attacks.)
• Phobias (e.g., specific phobia or social phobia)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (cued by exposure to the object of the obsession)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (cued by recall of a stressor)
• Therapeutic (theophylline, steroids) and recreational (cocaine, amphetamine, caffeine, diet pills) drugs and drug withdrawal (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines)
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
• Endocrinopathies
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Pheochromocytoma
• Carcinoid tumor
• Cardiac and respiratory diseases
• Arrhythmias
• Myocardial infarction
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Metabolic
• Hypoglycemia
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Porphyria
• Seizure disorders
• Psychiatric disorders (NOTE: Panic attacks are common in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Panic disorder could be conceptualized as a phobia of the somatic sensations or situations that have become paired with panic attacks.)
• Phobias (e.g., specific phobia or social phobia)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (cued by exposure to the object of the obsession)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (cued by recall of a stressor)
• Therapeutic (theophylline, steroids) and recreational (cocaine, amphetamine, caffeine, diet pills) drugs and drug withdrawal (alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines)
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