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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Persistent Hypercapnia
• Hypercapnia with normal lungs: CNS disturbances (cerebrovascular accident [CVA], parkinsonism, encephalitis), metabolic alkalosis, myxedema, primary alveolar hypoventilation, spinal cord lesions
• Diseases of the chest wall (e.g., kyphoscoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis)
• Neuromuscular disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], muscular dystrophy, poliomyelitis)
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Hypercapnia with normal lungs: CNS disturbances (cerebrovascular accident [CVA], parkinsonism, encephalitis), metabolic alkalosis, myxedema, primary alveolar hypoventilation, spinal cord lesions
• Diseases of the chest wall (e.g., kyphoscoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis)
• Neuromuscular disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], muscular dystrophy, poliomyelitis)
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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