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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions
EXUDATIVE
• Neoplasm: bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, mesothelioma, lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Meigs’ syndrome
• Infections: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, Mycoplasma, TB, fungal and parasitic diseases, extension from subphrenic abscess
• Trauma
• Collagen-vascular diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, polyarteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Pulmonary infarction
• Pancreatitis
• Postcardiotomy/Dressler’s syndrome
• Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (hydralazine, procainamide)
• Post abdominal surgery
• Ruptured esophagus
• Chronic effusion secondary to congestive failure
TRANSUDATIVE
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Hypoproteinemia from any cause
• Meigs’ syndrome
EXUDATIVE
• Neoplasm: bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, mesothelioma, lymphoma, ovarian carcinoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Meigs’ syndrome
• Infections: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, Mycoplasma, TB, fungal and parasitic diseases, extension from subphrenic abscess
• Trauma
• Collagen-vascular diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, polyarteritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Pulmonary infarction
• Pancreatitis
• Postcardiotomy/Dressler’s syndrome
• Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (hydralazine, procainamide)
• Post abdominal surgery
• Ruptured esophagus
• Chronic effusion secondary to congestive failure
TRANSUDATIVE
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Hypoproteinemia from any cause
• Meigs’ syndrome
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