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​Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Respiratory Failure, Hypoventilatory
ABNORMAL RESPIRATORY CAPACITY, NORMAL
RESPIRATORY WORKLOADS
• Acute depression of CNS: various causes
• Chronic central hypoventilation syndromes: obesityhypoventilation syndrome, sleep apnea syndrome, hypothyroidism, Shy-Drager syndrome (multisystem atrophy syndrome)
• Acute toxic paralysis syndromes: botulism, tetanus, toxic ingestion or bites, organophosphate poisoning
• Neuromuscular disorders (acute and chronic): myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, drugs, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), muscular dystrophies, polymyositis, spinal cord injury, traumatic phrenic nerve paralysis
ABNORMAL PULMONARY WORKLOADS
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): chronic bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis, emphysema
• Asthma and acute bronchial hyperreactivity syndromes
• Upper airway obstruction
• Interstitial lung diseases
ABNORMAL EXTRAPULMONARY WORKLOADS
• Chronic thoracic cage disorders: severe kyphoscoliosis, after thoracoplasty, after thoracic cage injury
• Acute thoracic cage trauma and burns
• Pneumothorax
• Pleural fibrosis and effusions
• Abdominal processes
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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.