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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Seizures
Adults
Vascular: infarction, haemorrhage, cortical venous thrombosis, vascular
malformation
Trauma: head injury
Tumours
Toxic: alcohol, drugs, lead, carbon monoxide
Metabolic: hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, electrolyte disturbances {increased and reduced Na+, K+, Ca2+,Mg2+), renal/hepatic failure, endocrine disorders (hypopituitarism, myxoedema, hypo/hyperparathyroidism, Addison's disease, insulinoma), vitamin deficiency
Infection: meningitis, encephalitis, abscess, TB, cysticercosis, HIV Inflammation: MS, vasculitis, SLE, sarcoidosis
Degenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, prion disease
Very raised BP
Children
Congenital anomaly Tuberous sclerosis Metabolic storage diseases
Adults
Vascular: infarction, haemorrhage, cortical venous thrombosis, vascular
malformation
Trauma: head injury
Tumours
Toxic: alcohol, drugs, lead, carbon monoxide
Metabolic: hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, electrolyte disturbances {increased and reduced Na+, K+, Ca2+,Mg2+), renal/hepatic failure, endocrine disorders (hypopituitarism, myxoedema, hypo/hyperparathyroidism, Addison's disease, insulinoma), vitamin deficiency
Infection: meningitis, encephalitis, abscess, TB, cysticercosis, HIV Inflammation: MS, vasculitis, SLE, sarcoidosis
Degenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, prion disease
Very raised BP
Children
Congenital anomaly Tuberous sclerosis Metabolic storage diseases
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