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Symptoms and Signs -Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia
Fever, exercise, anxiety, anaemia, drugs {caffeine, salbutamol, anticholinergics,
catecholamines, nicotine), pregnancy
Hypotension {e.g. hypovolaemia, septicaemia)
Cardiac: Ml, congestive cardiac failure, constrictive pericarditis Pulmonary: pulmonary embolism, asthma, chronic lung disease Endocrine: hyperthyroidism, phaeochromocytomas, hypoglycaemia
Supraventricular tachycardia
Idiopathic, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Atrial fibrillation/flutter
Idiopathic, thyrotoxicosis, alcohol abuse, pulmonary: embolism/infection/cancer, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis
Ventricular tachycardia
Idiopathic, ischaemic heart disease/Ml, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, long QT syndrome, drugs
Sinus tachycardia
Fever, exercise, anxiety, anaemia, drugs {caffeine, salbutamol, anticholinergics,
catecholamines, nicotine), pregnancy
Hypotension {e.g. hypovolaemia, septicaemia)
Cardiac: Ml, congestive cardiac failure, constrictive pericarditis Pulmonary: pulmonary embolism, asthma, chronic lung disease Endocrine: hyperthyroidism, phaeochromocytomas, hypoglycaemia
Supraventricular tachycardia
Idiopathic, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Atrial fibrillation/flutter
Idiopathic, thyrotoxicosis, alcohol abuse, pulmonary: embolism/infection/cancer, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, ischaemic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis
Ventricular tachycardia
Idiopathic, ischaemic heart disease/Ml, hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, long QT syndrome, drugs
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