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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Testicular Failure
PRIMARY
• Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY)
• XYY
• Vanishing testes syndrome (in utero or early postnatal torsion)
• Noonan’s syndrome
• Varicocele
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Orchitis (mumps, gonorrhea)
• Cryptorchidism
• Chemical exposure
• Irradiation to testes
• Spinal cord injury
• Polyglandular failure
• Idiopathic oligospermia or azoospermia
• Germinal cell aplasia (Sertoli cell–only syndrome)
• Idiopathic testicular failure
• Testicular torsion
• Testicular trauma
• Diethylstilbestrol (maternal use during pregnancy resulting in estrogen exposure in utero)
• Testicular tumor with subsequent radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or orchiectomy)
SECONDARY
• Delayed puberty
• Kallmann’s syndrome
• Isolated gonadotropin deficiency
• Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome
• Lawrence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
• CNS irradiation
• Prepubertal panhypopituitarism
• Postpubertal panhypopituitarism
• Hypogonadism secondary to hyperprolactinemia
• Adrenogenital syndrome
• Chronic liver disease
• Chronic renal failure/uremia
• Hemochromatosis
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Malnutrition
• Massive obesity
• Sickle cell anemia
• Hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism
• Anabolic steroid use
PRIMARY
• Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY)
• XYY
• Vanishing testes syndrome (in utero or early postnatal torsion)
• Noonan’s syndrome
• Varicocele
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Orchitis (mumps, gonorrhea)
• Cryptorchidism
• Chemical exposure
• Irradiation to testes
• Spinal cord injury
• Polyglandular failure
• Idiopathic oligospermia or azoospermia
• Germinal cell aplasia (Sertoli cell–only syndrome)
• Idiopathic testicular failure
• Testicular torsion
• Testicular trauma
• Diethylstilbestrol (maternal use during pregnancy resulting in estrogen exposure in utero)
• Testicular tumor with subsequent radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or orchiectomy)
SECONDARY
• Delayed puberty
• Kallmann’s syndrome
• Isolated gonadotropin deficiency
• Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome
• Lawrence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
• CNS irradiation
• Prepubertal panhypopituitarism
• Postpubertal panhypopituitarism
• Hypogonadism secondary to hyperprolactinemia
• Adrenogenital syndrome
• Chronic liver disease
• Chronic renal failure/uremia
• Hemochromatosis
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Malnutrition
• Massive obesity
• Sickle cell anemia
• Hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism
• Anabolic steroid use
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