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Symptoms and Signs – Differential Diagnosis of Urinalysis
Urine
colour Red/brown
Haematuria
Haemoglobinuria
Myoglobinuria
Beetroot
Porphyria
Phenazopyridine

Rare
White: pyuria, phosphate crystals
Green: methylene blue, amitryptiline, propofol Dark: obstructive jaundice, ochronosis, malignancy
Orange: rifampicin

Urine leukocyte esterase
Urinary tract infection Vaginal contaminant

Urine nitrite
Urinary tract infection Gross haematuria

Urine specific gravity
Increased
Dehydration (e.g. diarrhoea, vomiting) Diabetes mellitus
Adrenal insufficiency
Heart failure
Liver disease X-ray contrast

Decreased
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive hydration
Renal failure


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Kembara Xtra 

Facts about medicine and its subtopic such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology and surgery.